The early Tudor period was marked by considerable political and social change, but amid these transformations, England faced a severe natural disaster that left a lasting imprint on the country’s history—the great drought of 1540–41. This prolonged dry spell is remembered as one of

Medieval chronicles and records from monasteries and towns provide insight into how people of the time perceived and coped with these cold winters. Descriptions of frozen rivers hosting markets and festivals, unusual animal behavior, and mass deaths due to cold and hunger illustrate the severity of

The harsh winters of the early 1400s intensified existing problems in European society. The continent was still recovering from the devastation wrought by the Black Death in the 14th century, and the added strain of climate hardships further weakened populations. Famine: Crop failures due t

The early 15th century in Europe was marked by a series of harsh and prolonged winters that deeply affected the continent's societies, economies, and political landscapes. While specific years such as 1407 to 148 (interpreted here as early 15th century winters) saw unusually cold conditions, thi